Raja bundela biography of albert

Overview of the architecture by the Rajput rulers of Rajasthan

Rajput architecture is an architectural style associated with the forts and palaces of the many Rajput rulers. Many of the Rajput forts are UNESCO World Heritage Sites and popular tourist attractions.

Rajput architecture represents different types of buildings, which may broadly be classed either as religious or military. These include temples, forts, stepwells, gardens, and palaces. The forts were specially built for defense and military purposes. The Mughal and European architecture influenced indigenous Rajput styles of art and architecture.

Rajput architecture continued well into the 20th and 21st centuries, as the rulers of the princely states of British India commissioned vast palaces and other buildings, such as the Albert Hall Museum, Lalgarh Palace, and Umaid Bhawan Palace. These usually incorporated European styles as well, a practice which eventually led to the Indo-Saracenic style.

The Hill Forts of Rajasthan (Amer, Chittor, Gagron, Jaisalmer, Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambore), a group of six forts built by various Rajput kingdoms and principalities during the medieval period, are among the best examples of Rajput architecture. The ensemble is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other forts include the Mehrangarh Fort and Jaigarh Fort.

Rajasthan

See also: Architecture of Rajasthan

Forts, Palaces and Temples

See also: List of palaces in Rajasthan

The Hill Forts of Rajasthan (Amer, Chittor, Gagron, Jaisalmer, Kumbhalgarh, Ranthambore), a group of six forts built by various Rajput kingdoms and principalities during the medieval period are among the best examples of Rajput Architecture. The ensemble is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Other forts include the Mehrangarh Fort and Jaigarh Fort.

The walled city of Jaipur was formed in by Kacchwaha Rajput ruler Jai Singh II, and is "a unique example o

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Shivaji’s Achievement, Character and Place in History

1. Shivaji&#;s policy how far traditional

Shivaji&#;s State policy, like his administrative system, was not very new. From time immemorial it had been the aim of the typical Hindu king to set out early every autumn to &#;extend his kingdom&#; at the expense of his neighbours. Indeed, the Sanskrit law-books lay down such a course as the necessary accomplishment of a true Kshatriya chief. (Manu. vii. , ) In more recent times it had also been the practice of the Muhammadan sovereigns in North India and the Deccan alike. But these conquerors justified their territorial aggrandisement by religious motives. According to the Quranic law, there cannot be peace between a Muhammadan king and his neighbouring &#;infidel&#; States. The latter are dar-ul-harb or legitimate seats of war, and it is the Muslim king&#;s duty to slay and plunder in them till they accept the true faith and become dar-ul-islam, after which they will become entitled to his protection.

The coincidence between Shivaji’s foreign policy and that of a Quranic sovereign is so complete that both the history of Shivaji by his courtier Krishnaji Anant and the Persian official history of Bijapur use exactly the same word, mulk-giri, to describe such raids into neighbouring countries as a regular political ideal. The only difference was that in theory at least, an orthodox Muslim king was bound to spare the other Muslim States in his path and not to spoil or shed the blood of true believers, while Shivaji (as well as the Peshwas after him) carried on his mulk-giri into all neighbouring States, Hindu no less than Islamic, and squeezed rich Hindus as mercilessly as he did Muhammadans. Then, again, the orthodox Islamic king, in theory at least, aimed at the annexation and conversion of the other States, so that after the short sharp agony of conquest was over those places enjoyed peace like the r

Afghan noble

Pir Khan (died 3 February ), known by the name Khan Jahan Lodi, was an ethnic Afghan who served as a noble of the Mughal Empire. Entering the Mughal service during the reign of Mughal emperorAkbar, he enjoyed a meteoric rise under emperor Jahangir, becoming one of the empire's highest ranking nobles. Khan Jahan Lodi was the leading example of Afghan recruitment during Jahangir's reign, as Jahangir attempted to conciliate this group that was hitherto hostile to Mughal rule. Khan Jahan Lodi fell out of imperial favour with the accession of Shah Jahan and rebelled against the ruler, resulting in his capture and execution in the early s. His rebellion was a major event of Shah Jahan's early rule. During his lifetime, Khan Jahan Lodi sponsored the Tarikh-i-Khan-Jahani, a written ethno-history of the Afghans which was highly influential on subsequent works about the topic.

Origins

Khan Jahan Lodi, originally named Pir Khan, was the son of Daulat Khan Lodi, a minor noble during the reign of Akbar. According to his biography in the Tarikh-i-Khan-Jahani, he was descended from a clan in the region of Roh, and his ancestors migrated into the Indian subcontinent during the rule of Sikandar Lodi. They subsequently served in the offices and military of different Indian rulers, facing difficulties from the fall of the Lodi dynasty. On the other hand, the emperor Jahangir in his memoir Tuzuk-i-Jahangiri identifies Khan Jahan Lodi as a descendant of Daulat Khan Lodi, a governor of Lahore who betrayed the Lodi dynasty by inviting the conquest of the first Mughal ruler Babur. Jahangir's assessment may have been incorrect or fabricated to justify the promotions that Khan Jahan Lodi was receiving under his rule.

Pir Khan spent a number of his formative years in the Deccan, while his father served under two consecutive Mughal governors of the region (Abdul Rahim Khan-i-Khanan and prince Daniyal).^&